Magento

General

• Magento 2 was released in 2015
• Variants
  • Magento Open Source (before 2018 Magento Community Edition)
  • Magento Commerce (before Magento Enterprise Edition)
  • Differences see here
• object oriented
• uses design patterns (GoF) like GRASP, but in an individual manner
• uses MVC with thin controller approach (Business Logic is mainly in Model or View), View is configured by layout XML
• user groups:
  • web business user
  • system administrator
  • web API user

Technology

• PHP 7 and coding standards PSR-0 to PSR-4
• MySQL 5.6
• Apache 2.2, 2.4
• https://getcomposer.org/doc/00-intro.md PHP Composer]
• HTML5
• LESS CSS
• jQuery
• RequireJS
• Zend Framework
• Symfony
• Magento Testing Framework
• ...

Architecture

• layers:
  • presentation
  • service
  • domain
  • persistence

Persistence Layer

• consists of
  • layouts
  • blocks
  • templates
  • controllers

Service Layer

• bridges presentation and domain layer
• provides service contracts (PHP interface, REST/SOAP API)

Business Layer

• implementents the business logic
• modul communication via event observers, pluginsa and di.xml

Persistance Layer

• implements CRUD (create, read, update, delete) requests
• there are simple resource model and Entity-Attribute-Value (EAV) resource model

Sources

• free videos
• many Magento 2 articles
• Kindle Book 'Magento 2 Developer's Guide'