Magento

General

• Magento 2 was released in 2015
• Variants
  • Magento Open Source (before 2018 Magento Community Edition)
  • Magento Commerce (before Magento Enterprise Edition)
  • Differences see here
• object oriented
• uses design patterns (GoF) like GRASP, but in an individual manner
• uses MVC with thin controller approach (Business Logic is mainly in Model or View), View is configured by layout XML
• user groups:
  • web business user
  • system administrator
  • web API user

Technology

• PHP 7 and coding standards PSR-0 to PSR-4
• MySQL 5.6
• Apache 2.2, 2.4
• PHP Composer
• HTML5
• LESS CSS
• jQuery
• RequireJS
• Zend Framework
• Symfony
• Magento Testing Framework
• ...

Coding Standards

PHP

• PSR-1
  • each sub-word should be capitalised in both instances, with classes having an initial upper-case letter (StudlyCaps) and methods an initial lower-case letter (camelCase)
  • Class constants MUST be declared in all upper case with underscore separators
• PSR-2

Architecture

• layers:
  • presentation
  • service
  • domain
  • persistence

Persistence Layer

• consists of
  • layouts
  • blocks
  • templates
  • controllers

Service Layer

• bridges presentation and domain layer
• provides service contracts (PHP interface, REST/SOAP API): a service contract is a set of PHP interfaces that is defined by a module. This contract comprises data interfaces and service interfaces.

Business Layer

• implementents the business logic
• modul communication via event observers, pluginsa and di.xml

Persistance Layer

• implements CRUD (create, read, update, delete) requests
• there are 3 types of classes:
  • model classes: don't contain any code for communicating with the DB
  • resource classes: read and write to the DB
  • collection classes: array of individual model instances which implement IteratorAggregate and Countable
• models and resources are often seen as an unified thing called model
• there are simple resource model and Entity-Attribute-Value (EAV) resource model

Modules

A Magento Module is a directory with subdirectories containing blocks, controllers, helpers, and models that are needed to create a specific store feature. It has a life cycle that allows them to be installed, deleted, or disabled. Modules typically live in the vendor directory of a Magento installation, in a directory with the following PSR-0 compliant format: vendor/<VENDORNAME>/<TYPE>-<MODULENAME>, where <TYPE> can be one of the following values:

• module - for modules (module-customer-import-export)
• theme - for frontend and admin themes (theme-frontend-luma or theme-adminhtml-backend)
• language - for language packs (language-de_de)

Or you can just create the app/code/<VENDORNAME>/<TYPE>-<MODULENAME> directory (<MODULE_ROOT_DIR>) and the required directories within it. Inside this folder, you will find all the code related to this module, including the etc/module.xml file, which contains the name and version of the module, as well as any dependencies.

1. <MODULE_ROOT_DIR>/etc/module.xml declares the module by configuration

...
<module name="<VENDORNAME>_<MODULENAME>" setup_version="<VERSION>">
  <sequence>
    <module name ="<VENDORNAME>_<MODULENAME>" />
    <DEPENDENCY_LIST>
  </sequence>
</module>

1. <MODULE_ROOT_DIR>/registration.php
2. module declaration in <MODULE_ROOT_DIR>/Model/
   1. simple model <MODELNAME>.php

class <MODELNAME> extends \Magento\Framework\Model\AbstractModel
{
  protected function _construct()
  {
    $this->_init('<VENDORNAME>\<MODULENAME>\Model\ResourceModel\<MODELNAME>');

Themes

Modules and themes are the units of customization in Magento. Themes strongly influence user experience and storefront appearance.

Caching

• located in /var/ directory

Code Generation

• Factory, Proxy and Interceptor classes are generated and stored in /var/generation/

Directory Structure

• /app/code: for local developed modules
• /app/design/frontend: for storefront themes
• /app/design/adminhtml: for admin themes
• /app/i18n: for language packages
• /var/generation: contains only? generated files
• /var/?: cached infos

Magento Marketplace

• UweHeuerAccessKey
  • Public Key: 6f7df3e4e393b84da74c41937990b227
  • Private Key: a39505396b6112f47c43aa8c565cad8b

Installation

• Eon Laptop New

Sources

• Magento Marketplace
• free videos
• many Magento 2 articles
• Magento DevDocs
• Kindle Book 'Magento 2 Developer's Guide'